The computer network is a collection of computers, printers and other equipment are connected. Information and data moves through the wires to allow network users to exchange documents and data, print on the same printer and together using hardware / software that is connected to the network. Each computer, printer or peripherals connected denganjaringan called a node. A computer network can have two, tens, thousands or even millions of nodes. A network typically consists of two or more computers that are interconnected among each other, and share resources such as CDROM, Printer, exchange files, or allow it to communicate with each other electronically. Connected computer, the possible contact with the media cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared rays.
Types of networkThere are 3 kinds of Networks / Network are:
a. Local Area Network (LAN) / Local Area Network.
A LAN is a network that is limited by a relatively small area, generally bounded by the area like an office environment in a building, or a school, and usually not far from about 1 km square. Several models of LAN configuration, one computer is usually made in a file server. Which is used to store the software (software) that regulate network activity, or as software that can be used by komputerkomputer that is connected to the network. Computers that are connected to the network (network) is usually referred to as workstations. Usually the ability workstationlebih below from the file server and has other applications in addition to the hard drive for network applications. Most LANs use cable media to connect between one computer to another computer.
b. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) / Metropolitan area networks
A MAN, typically covering a larger area than a LAN, for example between regions within a province. In this case a network connecting several small networks into a larger area of the environment, for example as follows: Bank network in which some branches of a bank in a big city is connected between each other. For example an existing BNI across the region or Surabaya Ujung Pandang.c. Wide Area Network (WAN) / area of Large Scale Networks
Wide Area Networks (WANs) are networks that already use a scope usually means satellite or submarine cable as an example of a whole network BANK BNI in Indonesia or in other States. Using the WAN infrastructure, a bank that is in Bandung can contact the branch office in Hong Kong, in just a few minutes. WANs are usually rather complicated and very complex, using many means for connecting between the LAN and WAN to the Global Communications such as the Internet. But somehow between LAN, MAN and WAN is not much different in some respects, just a different scope of the area is just one among others.
3. ProtocolA protocol is a set of rules that governs the communications between computers on a network, the rules include guidelines that apply to the ways or methods of accessing a network, physical topology, types of cables and data transfer speeds.
Protocols that are known are as follows:1. Ethernet2. Local Talk3. Token Ring4. FDDI5. ATMEthernet
Ethernet protocol is by far the most widely used, Ethernet uses an access method called CSMA / CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection). This is a system where each computer listens to the cable network before sending anything into it. If the network is clear, the computer will transmit the data, if any other transmissions on the cable, the computer will wait and will try to re-transmissions if the network is clean. Sometimes, two computers to transmit at the same time, when this happens, each computer will be back and will wait a random amount to retransmit. This method is known to the coalition, and will not affect the transmission speed of the network.
The Ethernet protocol allows for linear bus, star, or tree. Data can be transmitted over twisted pair cable, coaxial, or fiber optic cable at a speed of 10 Mbps.
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